Get to know the Islamic Month

ان عدة الشهور عند الله اثنا عشر شهرا في كتب الله يوم خلق السموت والارض منهآ اربعة حرم ذلك الدين القيم ە فلا تظلموا فيهن انفسكم وقاتلوا المشركين كافة كما يقاتلونكم كافة واعلموا ان الله مع المتقين

"Indeed, the number of months according to Allah is twelve months, (as) in the decrees of Allah when He created the heavens and the earth, of which there are four haram months. That is the (stipulation) of a straight religion, so do not torment yourself in that (four month), and fight all the polytheists as they also fight against you all. And know that Allah and those who do not believe. "

The meaning contained in the verse, namely:

1. Starting with the problem of time.
2. Tells the process of the beginning of life in the world.
3. Alludes to war and death.

The sun is the benchmark for the calendar of the Gregorian months. Meanwhile, the month of Islam or hijriyah, is based on the month.

12 months of hijriyah, namely Muharam, Safar, Rabi'ul Awal, Rabiul Akhir, Jumadil Awal, Jumadil Akhir, Rajab, Sya'ban, Ramadhan, Syawal, Dzul Qo'dah, and Dzul Hijjah.

Of the 12 months there are 4 months that are haram. Namely, Muharam, Rajab, Dzulkaidah, and Dzul Hijjah.

Sacred

The meaning of Muharram in terms of language, namely:

• Haram: prohibition. That is, the month of prohibition on quarrels, fighting, and bloodshed.
• Ihtiram / karomah: noble. That is, the months between the 4 months that are glorified by Allah SWT.

The Jews then replaced Muharram with the term Asyuro / Suro.

Muharram and the nature of hijrah:

• The command of Allah Almighty to prepare a place and society that is conducive to enforcing the Shari'a.
• The choice fell on the city of Yathrib with the support of Yathrib women who formed the family and society who defended Islam).
• The strategy of Rosulullah saw: construction of a mosque, brotherhood of Ansar-Muhajirin men, and binding Jews with the Medina agreement.
• Waspada, the history of Muharram became the month of Ashuro and the month of Suro

Muharram and hijrah:

• Hijrah, namely, leaving bad traditions (QS 8: 72-75).
• Muharram, the noble month and karamah for people who are noble and do good deeds (piety).
• History of the Muhajirin – Anshor meeting.
• Hijrah, following the life of Muhajirin and Anshor. “There was no migration after the Fathu Mecca incident. There is only jihad and intention, ”(Bukhori).

Muharram is the month of mutual forgiveness. Especially, to parents, husbands, and children so as not to go bankrupt in the hereafter. "O believers, verily among your wives and children there are enemies to you, so be careful of them and if you forgive and embrace and forgive (them) then verily Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful. " (QS 64:14)

Muharram is also a month to learn to hold back emotions.

Rahab

History in the month of Rajab:

• The events of isra and mi'raj.
• The effect of prayer.
• Concern for the Aqsho Mosque.

Rajab is the mandatory month for praying 5 times a day, ahead of the obligatory fasting of Ramadan. The commandment to pray was sent down on the events of isra and mi'raj in the 12th year of Prophethood or 1 year before the hijrah. Meanwhile, Ramadan prayer is compulsory in the 2nd year after the hijrah.

And, as we know, one of the functions of prayer is to prevent fakhsya and evil deeds. Fakhsya is immorality that violates the Shari'a of Allah Almighty, both orders or prohibitions in the Al-Qur'an or sunnah. Whereas Munkar is the opposite of ma'ruf. Namely, immorality that violates the virtues that have been understood (known) by human reason or good customs.

Leader of the Moon

Ramadan becomes the leader of the hijri months. Rasulullah ﷺ said, "The Suhuf (sheet) Ibrahim 'alaihissalam was sent down at the beginning of the night of Ramadan. The Torah was sent down on the sixth day of Ramadan. The Bible in the thirteen months of Ramadan. Al Furqan on the twenty-fourth day of Ramadan. " (HR. Ahmad: 16370)

Takwa is the peak of Ramadan worship (QS 2: 183-187). Takwa begins with personal worship (verse 183) and ends with family endurance (verse 187).

The peak of attaining taqwa in the family is concern so that no one goes to hell. So, can live as heaven.

Nuzulul Qur'an and Fulfill the Rights of the Qur'an

The revelation of the Qur'an occurs in two senses:

1. Sent down on the night of Lailatul Qadar, 1 perfect Mushaf, brought by Jibril from the Throne of Allah and stored in the sky.
2. It was first passed down on 17 Ramadan at Hiro Cave. The process was gradual for 23 years, along with his nuzul asbabun, brought by Jibril from Baitul Makmur or Lauhul Mahfuzh to earth.

And we are asked to commemorate the two events of the nuzulul Qur'an.

Khilafiyah touches Al-Qur'an (QS 56: 77-80):

• Rosm manuscripts Al-Quran on earth: Awake from people who have hadats (menstruation, childbirth and junub). Qiroat: stored in the hearts of women so that it does not prevent them from reading by rote without holding the mushaf.
• Mushaf Al-Quran in Lauhil Mahfuz: Guarded by holy beings, namely angels. Al-Quran on earth the form of revelation is only the Qiroat, not the rosm of the Mushaf. So, no one can touch it.

Understand the following rights and targets of the Qur'an:

1. Heel Al-Quran as reading. So technically read only Arabic until khatam without meaning. Even if you don't understand it, it doesn't matter, because the virtue of each letter is rewarded with what it reads, whether fluently or not.
2. Heel Al-Quran as a clue. So to make Al-Quran as an indication of our life, this is where the importance of tadabur (understanding the meaning and being ready to practice it).

The technique of this tadabur process is in 2 ways:

• read the thematic translation, so that 1 discussion is universally understood. This technical can use the program application. For example, applications Al-Quran Al Hadi.
• Read the commentary. When reading a commentary book, we must know the author's style of interpretation, so that we can adapt. For example, to understand social interpretation, you can read Buya Hamka and Tafsir Fii Zilalil Quran. To learn more about law, you can read Al-Qurtubi's Tafsir. To explore per letter, you can read Tafsir Al-Jalalain as-Suyuthi or Ibn Kathir.

3. Heel Al-Quran guarded. The technique of guarding it can be memorized, by reading and teaching it according to the qiroat of the 7 imams and the written form of the rosm, as well as being guarded in their morals, becoming "the Qur'an runs".

Delivered by Ustadzah Nur Hamidah Lc, M.Ag., during the Halaqoh study on Tuesday for Women Expatriates on April 20, 2021.

>>>This study was conducted online using the Zoom application and broadcast LIVE on the Facebook page Dompet Dhuafa Hong Kong.