DDHK. ORG – Fitrah becomes zakat mandatory done after fulfilling Ramadan fasting. Jumhur scholars other than the Hanafi school of thought oblige this zakat with the form of staple food which becomes a commodity in an area where the muzakki is located and the zakat is given to the mustahiq in the vicinity.
When talking about standards zakat after fasting this Ramadan then the standard size has been determined by many traditions is 1 sha' or 2,04 kg of staple food. But there are also those who count it to be 3 kg.
This value applies wherever and whenever, both in the muzakki area and in the mustahiq area, if the zakat is given to another area because there are no mustahiq anymore in the muzakki area.
However, the difference arises from the opinion that it is permissible for zakat fitrah with the value of the basic food zakat whether it is based on the value in the muzakki's area or mustahiq's, or based on the standard of the area where he lives or based on his country of origin. Of course, if you see that the zakat order is directed at personal muzakki, then the standard of value follows the value in the area where he is located, not the area of his country of origin.
Basethat is, "Indeed" zakath fitrah cleanses the fasting person from the sin of jesting and vile words as well as food for the poor."
Definition of Zakat Fitrah
The definition of zakat fitrah is quoted from the page Dompet Dhuafa, is one of the types of zakat that must be issued in the month of Ramadan by every independent and able individual and in accordance with predetermined conditions.
Zakat has become one part of the 4th pillar of Islam. Therefore, Islam requires zakat to be one of the pillars of religion. We as Muslims are obliged to always pay zakat, especially this one zakat.
The meaning and purpose of issuing zakat fitrah is to clean up wealth and as a complement to our fasting. Without zakat fitrah, our fast is incomplete.
عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ صَلَّى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ : أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُوْلُ اللهِ، وَيُقِيْمُوا الصَّلاَةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكاَةَ، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُـهُمْ إِلاَّ بِحَقِّ الإِسْلاَمِ وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ تَعَالىَ
“From Ibn Umar radhiallahuanhuma, the Prophet sallallaahu'alaihi wasallam said: I was ordered to fight people until they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish prayers, pay zakat. If they do that, their blood and property will be protected except by Islamic rights and their reckoning is with Allah Subhanahu wata'ala.” (Narrated by Bukhari no. 25; Muslim no. 22)
The purpose of zakat is to empower the poor and 8 groups of zakat recipients so that their lives gradually improve. In addition, when muzakki issues zakat, it creates comfort in social life, and fosters feelings of gratitude for being able to help others to be equally empowered economically.
What are the Requirements for Muzakki Zakat Fitrah?
Before issuing zakat fitrah, it is better for us to know in advance the conditions for obligatory zakat fitrah, namely as follows:
1. Muslim and independent,
2. Meet two times, namely between the months of Ramadan and Shawwal even if only for a moment,
3. Having wealth that is more than his daily needs for himself and people under dependents on the feast day and night.
The requirements above are conditions for people who are obliged to pay zakat fitrah. There are also conditions that are not obligatory for zakat fitrah, namely,
1. People who die before sunset at the end of Ramadan,
2. Children born after sunset at the end of Ramadan,
3. People who have just embraced Islam after the sun sets at the end of Ramadan,
4. The dependents of the newly married wife after sunset at the end of Ramadan.
When should Zakat Fitrah be issued?
If you are one of those who are obliged to pay zakat fitrah, it is better for Friends of Zakat to issue it at the right time.
حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْحَذَّاءُ الْمَدَنِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ الصَّائِغُ عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِإِخْرَاجِ الزَّكَاةِ قَبْلَ الْغُدُوِّ لِلصَّلَاةِ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ غَرِيبٌ وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَسْتَحِبُّهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ يُخْرِ allow
“Have told us [Muslim bin Amru bin Muslim Abu Amru Al Khaddza' Al Madani] told me [Abdullah bin Nafi' As Sha`igh] from [Ibnu Abu Zannad] from [Musa bin Uqbah] from [Nafi'] from [Ibn Umar] that Rasulullah Shallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam ordered to pay zakat fitrah before leaving (to the place of prayer) on Eid al-Fitr. Abu 'Isa said, this is a hasan shahih gharib hadith, on this basis the scholars prefer to pay zakat fitrah before going to pray." (Narrated by Tirmidhi: 613)
From this hadith, it has been said that zakat fitrah should be carried out before the Eid al-Fitr prayer. Even so, it's also a good idea for us to carry out our zakat fitrah before the holidays so that our obligations are fulfilled more quickly.
Why do friends need to know the obligatory time of zakat fitrah? Because it has passed that time, it is forbidden for Friends to give zakat fitrah. The following is a description of the right zakat time to issue zakat fitrah.
Time Must: starting from the beginning of Ramadan to the end of the month of Ramadan.
Compulsory Time: after sunset at the end of Ramadan.
Afdhal time: after performing the dawn prayer on the last day of Ramadan until before doing the Eid prayer.
Makruh time: perform the Eid prayer until before sunset.
Haram Time: after sunset on Eid al-Fitr.
Launching from Ustadz H. Ahmad Fauzi Qosim, SS, MA, MM as the Sharia Board of the Amil Zakat Institution Dompet Dhuafa, the majority of scholars (the majority of scholars) allow Zakat fitrah to be paid from the beginning of Ramadan, as stated in one of the books of the Syafii school of scholars:
وَيَجُوزُ تَقْدِيمُ الْفِطْرَةِ مِنْ أَوَّلِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لِاَنَّهَا تَجِبُ بِسَبَيْنِ صَوْمِ
فَإِذَا وُجِدَ أَحَدُهُمَا جَازَ تَقْدِيمُهَا عَلَى الْآخَر above
Meaning: "It is permissible to prioritize zakat fitrah starting from the beginning of Ramadan fasting because zakat fitrah is obligatory for two reasons, namely fasting Ramadan and breaking the fast (al-fithru minhu). Thus, when it is found from one of the two, it is permissible to prioritize zakat al-Fitr over the other, such as the permissibility of prioritizing zakat mal after arriving at the nishab and before haul… ,” (See Abu Ishaq Asy-Syirazi, Al-Muhadzdzab fi Fiqhil Imamis Syafi'i, Beirut- Darul Fikr, tt, juz I, page 165).
This reinforces the MUI Fatwa Number 23 of 2020, concerning Utilization of Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah Assets for Combating Covid-19 and its Impacts.
How Much Zakat Fitrah Must Be Issued?
Friends of Zakat want to issue zakat fitrah now? After knowing the conditions and when to carry out zakat fitrah, it's a good idea for Friends to also know how much zakat fitrah must be paid individually.
Zakat fitrah is zakat that must be issued before the Eid prayer takes place. The type of zakat is in accordance with our staple food and in Indonesia itself the staple food is rice.
Every toddler to adult has an obligation to pay zakat fitrah of one sha which is equivalent to 3,5 liters or 2,5 kg of rice. If Zakat Friends want to replace it with money, Friends must pay according to the price of the 2,5 rice. Then Friends can distribute it to the nearest mosque or to a trusted amil zakat institution. [DDHK News]
