DDHK.ORG - Islam is a religion of nature. So, in that nature, Islam also has arrangements between humans. Including, in terms of muamalah. In muamalah, there are arrangements for family matters.
Family sakinah mawaddah wa rahmah. This is the hope of every family. Islamic law provides a concept in this regard. So it is very important for us to discuss the Islamic concept of this ideal family.
Family becomes reassurance. Each family member makes his home a reassurance, abundance of affection, and provides a living. So, this ideal Islamic family concept really needs to be presented.
The family becomes a place for self-care. Abdullah bin Abbas ra gave an interpretation to QS At-Tahrim, verse 6, as follows: "You all should teach your family in the affairs of Allah's law and educate them with perfect morals."
يا أيها الذين آمنوا قوا أنفسكم وأهليكم نارا وقودها الناس والحجارة عليها ملائكة غلاظ شداد لا يعصون الله ما أمرهم ويفعلون ما يؤمرون
"O you who believe, protect yourselves and your families from the fires of hell, whose fuel is people and stones; the keeper of angels who are harsh, harsh, and do not disobey Allah against what He commands them and always do what is commanded. "
Definition of Family
In language, the origin of the word is from Islam. Then the reference is the Qur'an. Because, if you want the Islamic concept of family, you have to start with how the Koran sits on it.
In the Qur'an, the word "family" is mentioned by Allah SWT with the words "ahlun", "qurbaa", and "'asyirah".
Ahlun. Al-Raghib (p. 37) mentions two Ahluns:
- Ahlu al Rajul, is a family of the same family. They gather in one place to live.
- Ahlu al Islam, is a religious family.
Qurbaa. Shawi (juz 1, p. 65) states that the qurbaa is a family with kinship.
'Asyirah. AlRaghib (p. 375) states, 'Asyirah was a family of many descendants.
According to the term (terminology) in Islam, the family is a unitary relationship between a man and a woman through a marriage contract according to Islamic teachings. With the existence of the marriage contract, it means that the resulting children and descendants are legally valid in religious law.
From this understanding, marriage is the first step in building a family. Thus, heredity and the relationship between the two big families.
If we examine the conceptual understanding of the family and are associated with Islam, then in our opinion the concept of family in Islam is, "a draft of ideas formulated for a family related to a marriage relationship, both in terms of methods, objectives, principles, and functions. the family based on Islamic teachings. "
The Purpose of the Family in Islam
Imam Ghazali in his Ihya' developed the goal of forming a family of five. That is:
- Obtaining and carrying on offspring (Surah Al-Furqan: 74);
- Fulfilling human desires channel their lust and shed their affection (Surah Ali Imran: 14);
- Fulfilling religious vocation, protecting oneself from evil and damage (QS Ar-Rum: 21);
- Growing seriousness to be responsible for carrying out obligations and receiving rights, as well as being serious about obtaining eternal wealth (QS An-Nisa: 34);
- Building a household to form a peaceful society based on love and affection (Surah Al-A'raf: 189).
Principles of the Family in Islam:
- Hold fast to monotheism. In building the concept of family in Islam, the most important and the foundation is that the Muslim family is built on the principle of tawhid. This means that all pre-marital, family and descent activities are all due to the monotheism of Allah SWT by submitting to and obeying the limits of His sharia. Thus, the goals of a sakinah, mawaddah, wa rahmah family are realized.
- Sharia is a limitation. The principle that is also used by the family is to implement Islamic sharia in the household. Starting from choosing a partner, proposing a marriage contract, making a living, taking care of the household, hanging out with the family, dressing, eating and drinking, worshiping, childcare, even spiritual matters (morals and fiqh jima ') are all within the boundaries of sharia.
Functions of the Family in Islam:
- Biological function, namely carrying out the biological needs of the family;
- Educational function (education);
- Religious function (religious);
- Protection function (protection);
- Socio-cultural functions;
- Economic function;
- Family status function or indicate status;
- Reproductive function;
- Recreation function.
Warning from Allah SWT in educating families:
يأيها ٱلذين ءامنوا إن من أزوجكم وأولدكم عدوا لكم فٱحذروهم وإن تعفوا وتصفحوا وتغفروا فإن ٱلله غفور رحيم
"O believers, behold, there are among your wives and children who are enemies of you, so be careful of them and if you forgive and do not scold and forgive (them) then verily Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful. " (Surah At-Taghabun: 14)
إِنَّمَآ أَمْوَٰلُكُمْ وَأَوْلَٰدُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عِندَهُۥٓ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ
"Surely your property and your children are only a trial (for you), and with Allah is a great reward." (Surah At-Taghabun: 15)
فٱتقوا ٱلله ما ٱستطعتم وٱسمعوا وأطيعوا وأنفقوا خيرا لأنفسكم ومن يوق شح نفسه فأولئك هم ٱلمفلحون
"Then fear Allah according to your ability and listen and be obedient and provide a good living for yourself. And whoever is kept from stinginess, then they are the lucky ones. " (Surah At-Taghabun: 16)
إِن تُقْرِضُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا يُضَٰعِفْهُ لَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ َٱ وَٱلَّهُ شَكُورٌ حَلِيمٌ
"If you lend to Allah a good loan, surely Allah will multiply the return to you and forgive you. And Allah is Most Merciful, Most Compassionate. " (Surah At-Taghabun: 17)
عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
"Who knows what is unseen and what is real. The Most Mighty, the Most Wise. " (Surah At-Taghabun: 18)
From 'Aisyah, the Prophet SAW said, "Khoirukum khoirukum liahlihi wa ana khoirukum li expert (It is best that you are the best to his family and I am the best person to my family.)"
Some suggestions for educating families:
QS Al-Isra verses 26-27:
وَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَىٰ حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَلَا تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِيرًا
"And give to the families that are close to their rights, to the poor and those who are traveling and do not waste (your property) lavishly."
إِنَّ الْمُبَذِّرِينَ كَانُوا إِخْوَانَ الشَّيَاطِينِ ۖ وَكَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ لِرَبِّهِ كَفُورًا
"Indeed, the extravagant is the brother of Satan and Satan is very disbelieving in his Lord."
Hadith: invite the family to have the night of lailatul qadar:
"'An' Aisyata rodiyallahu 'anha qolat, kana rasulullah sallallahu; alaihi wasallama idza dakholal' asyro ahyal layla wa ayqozho ahlahu wa jadda wa syaddal mi'zar (From 'Aisyah ra he said, When the Prophet Muhammad entered the last 10 days (Ramadan) , then he enlivens his nights (with qiyamul-lail) and wakes up his family and tightens his cloth ties (away from his wife to concentrate on worship more). "
Hadith: Allah loves children more than mothers love their children:
عن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه قال: قدم على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم سبى, فإذا امرأة من السبي قد تحلب ثديها تسعى: إذا وجدت صبيا في السبي أخذته فألصقته ببطنها, وأرضعته, فقال لنا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ ”أترون هذه طارحة ولدها في النار؟ قلنا: لا ، وهي تقدر على ألا تطرحه. فقال: لله أرحم بعباده من هذه بولدها ". رواه البخاري ومسلم
"From Umar bin Al Khaththab RA said: The prisoners of war were brought to Rasulullah SAW. So among the prisoners there was a woman whose milk was ready to flow and walked hastily - so that she found a small child in the group of prisoners - she immediately picked her up, and fed her. Then the Prophet Muhammad SAW said: Will you see this mother throwing her child into the fire? We replied: No, and he was able not to throw it. Then the Prophet said: Verily Allah loves His servants more, more than this mother unfortunately for her children "(Narrated by Al Bukhari and Muslim)
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Oleh Ustadz Awang Ridwan Suhaedy, S.Ag., Lc., MA, during the DDHK Online Overseas Madrasah Study, Saturday, March 20, 2021.
>> Migrant friends in any country, follow the DDHK Online Overseas Madrasah study every Saturday and Sunday, through Zoom and LIVE on the Facebook page Dompet Dhuafa Hong Kong. [DDHK News]
